History
According to Shoppingpicks, the city of Budapest is the result of the unification in 1873 of the cities of Buda and Obuda, on the right bank, with Pest, located on the left bank of the Danube River,. Buda and Budapest itself, were the Hungarian royal See in various occupations during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Modern and contemporary times until 1944 when the monarchy disappeared in Hungary.
It is subdivided into twenty-three districts (kerület) of which six are located in Buda, 16 in Pest and one in between, on the island of Csepel. Budapest’s climate is temperate, with hot summers and short, cold winters. The known history of Budapest dates back to the ancient Roman city of Aquincum, founded in 89 on the site of an ancient Celtic camp, close to what is now Óbuda. From 106 until the end of the 4th century, it was the capital of the province of Pannonia.
Around the year 896 the Magyars, ancestors of the current Hungarian people, colonized the region under the command of Árpád (or Árpad), and came to inhabit the Pannonian valley, as well as the Óbuda sector. Hungary is founded a year later in the year 1000, with the crowning of its first King Stephen I (Szent István), son of Prince Géza and great-grandson of Árpád. The city was almost destroyed by the Mongols in 1241 and the royal residence was transferred to Visegrád in 1308. Buda (pest) became the Hungarian royal See of the country in 1408.
The conquest of most of the country by the Ottoman Empire interrupted the growth of the city. Pest falls to the invaders in 1526. Buddha, who was defended by his castle, met the same fate fifteen years later. While Buda becomes the base of the Turkish government in the region, Pest is abandoned by its residents. After the reconquest in 1686 by the Habsburgs, who had been kings of Hungary since 1526, much of the territory had been lost. During the 16th and 18th centuries, and despite a great flood that left some 70,000 dead, Pest experienced enormous growth, thanks to trade and the combined growth of the three cities.
In 1780 German was introduced as an official language by the Habsburgs. The merger of the three cities took hold for the first time in 1849 at the impulse of a revolutionary government, before being revoked after the restoration of the authority of the Habsburgs. The union of the three cities is constituted by the Hungarian autonomous royal government in 1873 after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. In 1900 the population of Pest was more important than that of Buda and Óbuda together, and the city was the second of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, after Vienna, reaching one million residents with the suburbs in 1914. During the next century, the population will multiply by twenty, while that of Buda and Óbuda will multiply by five.
In the course of the 20th century, most of the Hungarian industry was centered in Budapest, the population growth was then more important.After the First World War and as a result of the defeat of the Central Empires an independent Hungarian state was established from the old imperial power with capital in Budapest. The human casualties of the First World War and the loss of more than two-thirds of the territory of former Hungary were a temporary trauma: Budapest was now the capital of a considerably smaller, but fully independent and sovereign country.
In the interwar period, the city grew notably, reaching one million residents in 1930. This situation is truncated with the Second World War, during which it suffers aerial bombardments by the Allies that partially destroy the city. After the war, the city reached two million residents in 1990. Since then, the population has been declining due to low birth rates and emigration.
Islands
Seven Islands can be found in the Danube:
- Shipyard,
- Margarita Island,
- Csepel Island,
- Palotai-Sziget (now a peninsula),
- Népsziget,
- Haros-Sziget
- Sziget Molnár.
Notable islands include:
Isla de Margarita is a 2.5 km (1.6 mi) long island and 0.965 square km (238 acres) in area. The island is mainly made up of a park and is a popular recreation area for tourists and locals alike. The island is located between the Puente de Margarita bridges (south) and the Árpád bridge (north). nightclubs, swimming pools, a water park, athletic bike and gyms, and running tracks can be found around the island.
During the day the island is occupied by people who do sports or simply relax. In the summer (usually on weekends) the younger ones go to the island at night to party on its terraces, or to recreate with a bottle of alcohol on a bench or on the lawn (this form of entertainment is sometimes referred to as bank -party). The island of Csepel (Hungarian pronunciation:] tʃɛpɛlsiɡɛt [) is the largest island in the Danube River in Hungary.
It is 48 km (30 miles) long, its width is 6.8 km (3.75-5 miles), and its area encompasses 257 km2 (99 square miles), while only the extreme north is within the limits of the town. Hajógyári-Sziget ([hɒjo ː ː ɟari siɡɛt], or Sziget Óbudai-) is a man built island, located in the third district. This island is home to numerous activities such as: wake boarding, jet skis during the day, and dance clubs at night.
This is the island where the famous Sziget Festival takes place, receiving hundreds of performances per year and now around 400,000 visitors in its latest edition. Many construction projects are underway to make this island one of the most important leisure centers in Europe, the plan is to build apartment buildings, hotels, casinos and a marina. Luppa-Sziget is the smallest island in Budapest, located in the northern region.
Transportation
Aerial
Budapest Ferihegy Airport is located about 25 km southeast of the city center. It is made up of three terminals: Ferihegy 1, Ferihegy 2 / A and Ferihegy 2 / B. From the airport it takes about 30 minutes to get to the city center; The price of the trip is around € 19 by taxi and € 6 by bus. Malév is the national airline. The airport can also be reached by public transport, as of May 2010, bus number 200E connects the two terminals with the Kőbánya-Kispest metro and railway station, and number 93 connects Terminal 1 with the same station. The price is approximately 320 to 400 forints, if you buy the ticket from the bus driver. The city center can also be reached by train from Terminal 1 to Oste Station (Nyugati).
Railway
The three main stations in Budapest are: Keleti to the east, Nyugati to the west and Deli to the south. All three have national and international connections. Budapest was one of the most important stops on the Orient Express until 2001, the year in which the route was reduced between Paris and Vienna. The Budapest metro network is the oldest on the continent, having been inaugurated on the occasion of the “Millennium” celebration in 1897.
Justification of the registration
- Criterion (ii): Aquincum played an essential role in the spread of Roman architectural forms in Pannonia, then in Dacia. Buda Castle played a key role in the dissemination of art Gothic in the region Magyar of the fourteenth century. In the reign of Matías Corvino, Buda was an artistic center comparable, due to its influence, to that of Krakow. As a result of the unification of Pest, Buda and Óbuda in 1872 – 1873, Budapest once again became an important center in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries., due to the quantity and quality of the heritage built during the periods. It was a center that absorbed, integrated and diffused prominent and progressive European influences in urban planning and architecture, as well as modern technological advances such as the underground railway, built under Andrássy Avenue, the first in Continental Europe, all of which were in in line with its role as a metropolis.
- Criterion (iv): Buda Castle is an architectural ensemble that, together with the older district in the immediate vicinity (the Buda Castle district), illustrates two significant periods in history that were separated by an interval corresponding to the invasion Turkish. Parliament is also an exceptional example of a grand official building on par with those in London, Munich, Vienna and Athens, exemplifying the eclectic architecture of the 19th century, while at the same time symbolizing the political function of the second capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Andrássy Avenue (1872 – 1885) and the railroad underground (1893 – 1896), are representative examples of the implementation of planning solutions associated with the most modern technical facilities of the moment to satisfy the demands of an emerging modern society. Architecturally, the avenue has great integrity in its eclectic, neo-Renaissance buildings.
