History
Montenegro was inhabited during ancient times by Illyrian tribes, but was conquered in the 100 century BC. of the Romans. After the Slavic immigration in the 600s, the area was first called Duklja, then Zeta and from the end of the 13th century Crna Gora (‘the Black Mountain’); this was in its Venetian form Monte Negro term in the field. Montenegro came to be inhabited by Orthodox slaves, whose rulers were at times forced to recognize foreign powers as rulers, e.g. Bulgarian and Byzantine. In the 1180s, Montenegro was drawn into the dynasty of Nemanjić’s entire Serbian empire. During the dynasty of Balšić, which extinguished in 1421, and Crnojević (until 1516), Montenegro gradually came under Venice and later the Ottoman Empire.
The Ottomans’ conquest of Montenegro was completed in 1499, but they failed to establish any effective control over the country, which was governed by its archbishop, Vladimir, elected by the People’s Assembly. In 1697 this title became hereditary within the Petrović Njegoš family. During Petar I (ruled 1782-1830), Montenegro was reorganized and recognized by the Ottoman Empire after the territory doubled. A cultural highlight was reached during the poet prince Petar II (1830–51). The successor Danilo II (1851–60) adopted a worldly princely title and carried out extensive administrative and military modernization. Montenegro gained international recognition at the Berlin Congress in 1878 and was proclaimed king in 1910 under Nikola I. To see more information other than history, please visit Abbreviationfinder to learn more about climate, population, government, and economy for the country of Montenegro.
In the context of the Balkan Wars 1912–13, where Montenegro participated on Serbia’s side, Montenegro received parts of Novi Pazar and Metohija. In World War I, Montenegro re-joined Serbia, but was occupied by Austrian troops in 1916. When they withdrew in 1918, they were replaced by Serbian forces. Serbia, with the support of pro-Serbian Montenegrins, forced the King’s deposition and Montenegro’s accession to the new state of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from the 1929 Kingdom of Yugoslavia), under the Serbian monarch.
- Countryaah: Check to see the location of Montenegro on the world map. Also covers major mountains, rivers and lakes in Montenegro.
During the Second World War, partisans and četnici fought against each other and against the Italian and German occupation forces. In addition, there was a Montenegrin separatist movement led by Sekula Drljević, who collaborated with the Italians and proclaimed Montenegro independence in 1941. After the war, Montenegro became one of the six sub-republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; see also Yugoslavia (state formation in the Balkan Peninsula 1918–91). In connection with the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991, Serbian President Milošević forced a change of power in Montenegro which, together with Serbia, remained in the “remaining Yugoslavia” which remained and in the spring of 1992 was converted to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
However, relations between the two republics became worse, not least since Serbia implemented constitutional changes that the Montenegrin considered to be to their disadvantage, and under the Western-oriented and reform-friendly President Milo Đukanović increased the demands for independence for Montenegro. At the same time, however, there was a strong pro-Serb minority who wanted to continue co-operation with Serbia. Following intervention from the EU and tough negotiations, the Montenegrin government in 2003 reluctantly agreed to join the looser organized Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The demand from Montenegro was for the country to hold a referendum on independence after three years. On May 21, 2006, such a vote was held, with 55.5 percent of voters voting for an independent Montenegro. Thus Montenegro left the Common Union and proclaimed June 3 the same year as a sovereign state. In the first general elections following the Declaration of Independence that fall, the incumbent government, since 2003 with Đukanović as prime minister, won a convincing victory. However, shortly afterwards, Đukanović left the post of head of government to engage in his business operations, but returned in 2008 as prime minister (and to the prosecution immunity brought by the post) after Italian authorities began to investigate his case. involvement in the extensive cigarette smuggling from Montenegro. Đukanović and his party DPS were re-elected by a good majority in the parliamentary elections in early 2009. since 2003 with Đukanović as prime minister, a convincing victory. However, shortly afterwards, Đukanović left the post of head of government to engage in his business operations, but returned in 2008 as prime minister (and to the prosecution immunity brought by the post) after Italian authorities began to investigate his case. involvement in the extensive cigarette smuggling from Montenegro. Đukanović and his party DPS were re-elected by a good majority in the parliamentary elections in early 2009. since 2003 with Đukanović as prime minister, a convincing victory. However, shortly afterwards, Đukanović left the post of head of government to engage in his business operations, but returned in 2008 as prime minister (and to the prosecution immunity brought by the post) after Italian authorities began to investigate his case. involvement in the extensive cigarette smuggling from Montenegro. Đukanović and his party DPS were re-elected by a good majority in the parliamentary elections in early 2009.
Montenegro’s main political goal was to join the EU and NATO. For the latter, Montenegro received an invitation in 2008 as soon as necessary reforms were implemented and the country has been participating since 2006 in the NATO cooperation PfF (Partnership for Peace); In 2007, the EU signed a so-called Stabilization and Cooperation Agreement with Montenegro, which the following year submitted an application for full membership. For this, however, the EU called for further reforms, not least in the legal field, including measures against widespread corruption.
With the former ally of Serbia, relations have sometimes been frosty, including since Montenegro in the autumn of 2008 recognized Kosovo’s independence.